Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Côsi cho các số dương $x, y, z$, ta được:$x^{3}+y^{2} \geqslant 2 \sqrt{x^{3} \cdot y^{2}}=2 x y \cdot \sqrt{x}$$y^{3}+z^{2} \geqslant 2 \sqrt{y^{3} \cdot z^{2}}=2 y z \cdot \sqrt{y}$$z^{3}+x^{2} \geqslant 2 \sqrt{z^{3} \cdot x^{2}}=2 z x \cdot \sqrt{z}$Khi đó BĐT đã cho trở thành:$\dfrac{2 \sqrt{x}}{x^{3}+y^{2}}+\dfrac{2 \sqrt{y}}{y^{3}+z^{2}}+\dfrac{2 \sqrt{z}}{z^{3}+x^{2}} \leqslant \dfrac{2 \sqrt{x}}{2 x y \sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{2 \sqrt{y}}{2 y z \sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{2 \sqrt{z}}{2 z x \sqrt{z}}=\dfrac{1}{x y}+\dfrac{1}{y z}+\dfrac{1}{z x} (1)$Mặt khác ta có:$\dfrac{1}{x^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{y^{2}} \geqslant \dfrac{2}{x y} \Rightarrow \dfrac{1}{x y} \leqslant \dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{x^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{y^{2}}\right)$

CMTT: $\dfrac{1}{y z} \leq \dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{y^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{z^{2}}\right) ; \dfrac{1}{z x} \leqslant \dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{z^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{x^{2}}\right)$Suy ra: $\dfrac{1}{x y}+\dfrac{1}{y z}+\dfrac{1}{z x} \leqslant \dfrac{1}{x^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{y^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{z^{2}}(2)$Từ  $(1)$ và $(2)$ ta được: $\dfrac{2 \sqrt{x}}{x^{3}+y^{2}}+\dfrac{2 \sqrt{y}}{y^{3}+z^{2}}+\dfrac{2 \sqrt{z}}{z^{3}+x^{2}} \leqslant \dfrac{1}{x^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{y^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{z^{2}}$Dấu " $="$ xảy ra $\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1$

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Côsi cho các số dương $x, y, z$, ta được:

$x^{3}+y^{2} \geqslant 2 \sqrt{x^{3} \cdot y^{2}}=2 x y \cdot \sqrt{x}$

$y^{3}+z^{2} \geqslant 2 \sqrt{y^{3} \cdot z^{2}}=2 y z \cdot \sqrt{y}$

$z^{3}+x^{2} \geqslant 2 \sqrt{z^{3} \cdot x^{2}}=2 z x \cdot \sqrt{z}$

Khi đó BĐT đã cho trở thành:

$\dfrac{2 \sqrt{x}}{x^{3}+y^{2}}+\dfrac{2 \sqrt{y}}{y^{3}+z^{2}}+\dfrac{2 \sqrt{z}}{z^{3}+x^{2}} \leqslant \dfrac{2 \sqrt{x}}{2 x y \sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{2 \sqrt{y}}{2 y z \sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{2 \sqrt{z}}{2 z x \sqrt{z}}=\dfrac{1}{x y}+\dfrac{1}{y z}+\dfrac{1}{z x} (1)$

Mặt khác ta có:

$\dfrac{1}{x^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{y^{2}} \geqslant \dfrac{2}{x y} \Rightarrow \dfrac{1}{x y} \leqslant \dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{x^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{y^{2}}\right)$

CMTT: $\dfrac{1}{y z} \leq \dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{y^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{z^{2}}\right) ; \dfrac{1}{z x} \leqslant \dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{z^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{x^{2}}\right)$

Suy ra: $\dfrac{1}{x y}+\dfrac{1}{y z}+\dfrac{1}{z x} \leqslant \dfrac{1}{x^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{y^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{z^{2}}(2)$

Từ  $(1)$ và $(2)$ ta được: $\dfrac{2 \sqrt{x}}{x^{3}+y^{2}}+\dfrac{2 \sqrt{y}}{y^{3}+z^{2}}+\dfrac{2 \sqrt{z}}{z^{3}+x^{2}} \leqslant \dfrac{1}{x^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{y^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{z^{2}}$

Dấu " $="$ xảy ra $\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1$

Có \(\sqrt{\dfrac{xy}{x+y+2z}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{x+y+2z}}\)\(=\dfrac{2\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{\left(1+1+2\right)\left(x+y+2z\right)}}\)\(\le\dfrac{2\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+2\sqrt{z}}\) (theo bunhia dưới mẫu)\(\le\dfrac{2\sqrt{xy}}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{z}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{xy}{x+y+2z}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{z}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}\right)\)

Tương tự cũng có:

\(\sqrt{\dfrac{yz}{y+z+2x}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{yz}}{\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{yz}}{\sqrt{z}+\sqrt{x}}\right)\)

\(\sqrt{\dfrac{zx}{z+x+2y}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{zx}}{\sqrt{z}+\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{zx}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}\right)\)

Cộng vế với vế ta được:

 \(VT\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{z}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{zx}}{\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{z}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Dấu = xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{9}\)

hay

Bài 1:

Ta có: \(\dfrac{2a}{\sqrt{1+a^2}}=\dfrac{2a}{\sqrt{ab+bc+ca+a^2}}=\dfrac{2a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\)

\(\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{1+b^2}}=\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{ab+bc+ca+b^2}}=\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\)

\(\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{1+c^2}}=\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{ab+bc+ca+c^2}}=\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\)

Vậy \(P=\dfrac{2a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\)

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:

\(P\le a\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)+b\left(\dfrac{1}{4\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)+c\left(\dfrac{1}{4\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)=\dfrac{9}{4}\)

Bài 2:

Ta có:

\(\dfrac{1+\sqrt{1+x^2}}{x}=\dfrac{2+\sqrt{4\left(1+x^2\right)}}{2x}\le\dfrac{2+\dfrac{4+\left(1+x^2\right)}{2}}{2x}=\dfrac{9+x^2}{4x}\)

Tương tự ta cũng có:

\(\dfrac{1+\sqrt{1+y^2}}{y}\le\dfrac{9+y^2}{4y};\dfrac{1+\sqrt{1+z^2}}{z}\le\dfrac{9+z^2}{4z}\)

Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:

\(\dfrac{1+\sqrt{1+x^2}}{x}+\dfrac{1+\sqrt{1+y^2}}{y}+\dfrac{1+\sqrt{1+z^2}}{z}\le\dfrac{9+x^2}{4x}+\dfrac{9+y^2}{4y}+\dfrac{9+z^2}{4z}\)

\(=\dfrac{9\left(xy+yz+xz\right)+xyz\left(x+y+z\right)}{4xyz}\le\dfrac{9\cdot\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}+\left(xyz\right)^2}{4xyz}=xyz\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\sqrt{3}\)

Bài 1:

\(\dfrac{2a}{\sqrt{1+a^2}}=\dfrac{2a}{\sqrt{a^2+ab+bc+ca}}=\dfrac{2a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\)

Sau đó côsi

Tự làm nốt nhé, ra 3/2 đấy. Em học lớp 8 nên cách giải chỉ thế thôi. Câu 2 em chưa làm được

bài này dễ cho xin 1 slot giải bài giờ làm đề cương đã

theo bđt cauchy schwarz ta có

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}}{x^3+y^2}\le\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}}{2\sqrt{x^3y^2}}=\dfrac{1}{xy}\\\dfrac{2\sqrt{y}}{y^3+z^2}\le\dfrac{2\sqrt{y}}{2\sqrt{y^3z^2}}=\dfrac{1}{yz}\\\dfrac{2\sqrt{z}}{z^3+x^2}\le\dfrac{2\sqrt{z}}{2\sqrt{z^3y^2}}=\dfrac{1}{zy}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{yz}+\dfrac{1}{zx}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}}{2}+\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}}{2}+\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{z^2}+\dfrac{1}{x^2}}{2}=\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}\)\(\Rightarrow dpcm\)

\(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{a};\dfrac{1}{b};\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca=2020\)

BĐT trở thành:

\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+a+b+c+\sqrt{2020+a^2}+\sqrt{2020+b^2}+\sqrt{2020+c^2}\le\dfrac{2020.2021}{abc}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}+a+b+c+\sqrt{2020+a^2}+\sqrt{2020+b^2}+\sqrt{2020+c^2}\le\dfrac{2020.2021}{abc}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c+\sqrt{2020+a^2}+\sqrt{2020+b^2}+\sqrt{2020+c^2}\le\dfrac{2020^2}{abc}\)

Ta có: \(\sqrt{2020+a^2}=\sqrt{ab+bc+ca+a^2}=\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(2a+b+c\right)\)

Tương tự:...

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{2020+a^2}+\sqrt{2020+b^2}+\sqrt{2020+c^2}\le2\left(a+b+c\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow a+b+c+\sqrt{2020+a^2}+\sqrt{2020+b^2}+\sqrt{2020+c^2}\le3\left(a+b+c\right)\)

Nên ta chỉ cần chứng minh:

\(3\left(a+b+c\right)\le\dfrac{2020^2}{abc}=\dfrac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{abc}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\ge3abc\left(a+b+c\right)\) (hiển nhiên đúng)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\) hay \(x=y=z\)

Áp dụng BĐT cô si với ba số không âm ta có :

$\frac{1}{{\left(x+1\right)}^2}+\frac{x+1}{8}+\frac{x+1}{8}\ge 3\sqrt[3]{3\frac{1}{64}}=\frac{3}{4}$

=> $\frac{1}{{\left(x+1\right)}^2}\ge \frac{3}{4}-\frac{x+1}{4}$ (1)

Dấu '' = '' xảy ra khi x = 1 

CM tương tự ra có " $\frac{1}{{\left(y+1\right)}^2}\ge \frac{3}{4}-\frac{y+1}{4}$(2) ; $\frac{1}{{\left(z+1\right)}^2}\ge \frac{3}{4}-\frac{z+1}{4}$ (3)

Dấu ''= '' xảy ra khi y = 1 ; z = 1 

Từ (1) (2) và (3) =>